Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact theories

‎Claims involving African contact: The Pedra Furada idea is completely different from the rest, as it posits the possibility that there was an immigration from Africa even before the accepted migration from Northeast Asia!

← Previous revision		Revision as of 14:52, 26 June 2016
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	According to the abstract of Columbus's log made by [[Bartolomé de las Casas]], the purpose of Columbus’s third voyage was to test both the claims of King [[John II of Portugal]] that "canoes had been found which set out from the coast of Guinea [West Africa] and sailed to the west with merchandise" as well as the claims of the native inhabitants of the Caribbean island of Hispaniola that "from the south and the southeast had come black people whose spears were made of a metal called [[Guanín (bronze)|guanín]]...from which it was found that of 32 parts: 18 were gold, 6 were silver, and 8 copper."<ref>{{cite book|last=Morison|first=Samuel Eliot|title=Journals & Other Documents on the Life & Voyages of Christopher Columbus|year=1963|publisher=The Heritage Press|location=New York|pages=262, 263}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Thacher|first=John Boyd|title=Christopher Columbus: his life, his work, his remains, as revealed by original printed and manuscript records, together with an essay on Peter Martyr of Anghera and Bartolomé De Las Casas, the first Historians of America|year=1903|publisher=G. P. Putnam’s Sons|location=New York|pages=379, 380}}</ref>		According to the abstract of Columbus's log made by [[Bartolomé de las Casas]], the purpose of Columbus’s third voyage was to test both the claims of King [[John II of Portugal]] that "canoes had been found which set out from the coast of Guinea [West Africa] and sailed to the west with merchandise" as well as the claims of the native inhabitants of the Caribbean island of Hispaniola that "from the south and the southeast had come black people whose spears were made of a metal called [[Guanín (bronze)|guanín]]...from which it was found that of 32 parts: 18 were gold, 6 were silver, and 8 copper."<ref>{{cite book|last=Morison|first=Samuel Eliot|title=Journals & Other Documents on the Life & Voyages of Christopher Columbus|year=1963|publisher=The Heritage Press|location=New York|pages=262, 263}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Thacher|first=John Boyd|title=Christopher Columbus: his life, his work, his remains, as revealed by original printed and manuscript records, together with an essay on Peter Martyr of Anghera and Bartolomé De Las Casas, the first Historians of America|year=1903|publisher=G. P. Putnam’s Sons|location=New York|pages=379, 380}}</ref>
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		+	==== Claims of Pre-Clovis immigration from Africa ====
	Brazilian researcher [[Niede Guidon]], who led the [[Pedra Furada sites]] excavations "... said she believed that humans … might have come not overland from Asia but by boat from Africa".<ref>Romero, Simon (27 March 2014). "[http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/28/world/americas/discoveries-challenge-beliefs-on-humans-arrival-in-the-americas.html?_r=0 Discoveries Challenge Beliefs on Humans' Arrival in the Americas]". ''The New York Times''. Retrieved 4 December 2014.</ref>		Brazilian researcher [[Niede Guidon]], who led the [[Pedra Furada sites]] excavations "... said she believed that humans … might have come not overland from Asia but by boat from Africa".<ref>Romero, Simon (27 March 2014). "[http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/28/world/americas/discoveries-challenge-beliefs-on-humans-arrival-in-the-americas.html?_r=0 Discoveries Challenge Beliefs on Humans' Arrival in the Americas]". ''The New York Times''. Retrieved 4 December 2014.</ref>